Ibadhi

Ibadism is a school of Islam distinct from Sunni and Shia Islam. Adherents are known as Ibadis. Historically, Ibadism originated in the 7th century and is considered by many scholars to be the oldest surviving branch of Islam. Ibadis themselves consider their school to be the original and pure form of Islam, from which the other branches later diverged.

The theology of Ibadism shares many similarities with Sunni Islam, particularly in its emphasis on tawhid (the oneness of God) and the rejection of anthropomorphism. However, it differs in its understanding of divine attributes and the concept of sin. Ibadis believe in the concept of "khilafah" (caliphate) but emphasize the election of a leader based on merit and piety rather than lineage. They have a strong tradition of scholarly jurisprudence and adhere to a distinct set of legal interpretations derived from the Quran and Sunnah.

Geographically, Ibadism is most prominent in Oman, where it is the dominant religious sect. Small communities of Ibadis can also be found in parts of North Africa, particularly in the M'zab valley of Algeria, and in Zanzibar. Ibadis generally maintain a moderate and tolerant approach to other Islamic schools and religions. Their historical emphasis on consensus and the common good influences their social and political outlook.