ITsecurity

IT security, or information technology security, is the practice of protecting information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. It encompasses people, processes, and technology and seeks to reduce risk to an acceptable level. The core objective is the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, known as the CIA triad. Security controls address this objective through a combination of technical measures such as authentication, access control, encryption, vulnerability management, and network protection, and administrative measures such as policies, risk assessment, training, and incident response planning.

Identity and access management establishes verified user identities and enforces least privilege. Data protection includes encryption in transit and at rest, data loss prevention, and secure backups. Network security covers firewalls, intrusion detection, network segmentation, and secure remote access. Endpoint and application security involves patch management, antivirus software, secure coding practices, and regular code reviews. Security operations focus on continuous monitoring, detection, and response to incidents.

Risk management identifies assets, threats, and vulnerabilities, assesses likelihood and impact, and selects controls to mitigate risk. Incident response governs detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and post-incident analysis. Compliance and governance address adherence to laws, standards, and policies, such as ISO/IEC 27001, NIST guidelines, GDPR, and industry requirements, along with audits.

The threat landscape includes cybercrime, ransomware, phishing, malware, insider threats, and supply-chain risks. Effective IT security relies on defense in depth, least privilege, ongoing monitoring, and security education to maintain resilience and trust in information systems.