ITGAencoded

ITGAencoded is a term used in genomics and proteomics to designate genetic sequences that encode integrin alpha subunits. In humans, the integrin alpha gene family—designated ITGA1 through ITGA11—produces a set of receptor subunits that partner with beta subunits (ITGB) to form various integrins. These receptors mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components and initiate intracellular signaling that influences cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

ITGAencoded transcripts may include full-length mRNAs or alternative splice variants; their expression is governed by tissue type, developmental stage, and external cues such as cytokines and matrix engagement.

Protein products encoded by ITGA genes are type I transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic tail that interacts with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. In most integrins, the alpha subunit determines ligand specificity and pairs with a beta subunit to form a functional receptor.

Biological roles and clinical relevance: Integrins formed from ITGA-encoded subunits participate in adhesion to collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and other ECM ligands, regulate cell motility, immune cell trafficking, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Dysregulation or mutation of ITGA genes has been linked to cancer metastasis, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic conditions, and developmental disorders. In research, ITGAencoded sequences are widely used in expression studies, functional assays, and therapeutic target exploration.