ITGA1

ITGA1 is a human gene that encodes the integrin alpha-1 subunit, also known as CD49a. The ITGA1 protein forms a non-covalent heterodimer with the beta-1 subunit (ITGB1) to generate the integrin α1β1 receptor, commonly referred to as VLA-1. This receptor participates in cell adhesion and intracellular signaling.

The alpha-1 subunit is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a large extracellular domain that binds extracellular matrix components. Its primary ligands include collagen types I and IV and laminin. By pairing with ITGB1, ITGA1 mediates adhesion to these matrices and contributes to the transmission of signals that influence cellular behavior and cytoskeletal organization.

ITGA1 is expressed in a variety of tissues, including epithelial, endothelial, and connective tissue cells, and is involved in processes such as tissue architecture, development, wound healing, and cellular migration. Through its integrin activity, ITGA1 participates in outside-in signaling that affects cell survival, proliferation, and movement.

Signaling downstream of ITGA1/α1β1 engagement involves pathways such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src family kinases, and downstream effectors in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK cascades. These signals coordinate cytoskeletal rearrangements and gene expression in response to extracellular matrix cues.

Clinical significance of ITGA1 includes associations with cancer progression and metastasis in certain contexts, as well as roles in fibrotic and inflammatory conditions. Altered ITGA1 expression or function can influence cell–matrix interactions and tissue remodeling, making it a subject of ongoing biomedical research.