INAO

INAO stands for the Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité, which translates to the National Institute of Origin and Quality. It is a French public administrative body responsible for ensuring the quality and origin of agricultural products. Established in 1935, INAO plays a crucial role in maintaining the reputation and value of French food products, particularly those with protected designations.

The primary mission of INAO is to define and enforce standards for specific geographical indications. These include Appellations d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC), which are protected designations of origin for wines, spirits, and certain other agricultural products, and Appellations d'Origine Protégée (AOP) at the European Union level, which is the equivalent designation. INAO also oversees other quality labels such as Indications Géographiques Protégées (IGP) and Labels Rouges, which indicate specific quality attributes or production methods.

INAO's work involves setting detailed specifications for each protected product, including geographical boundaries for production, approved grape varietals or animal breeds, and specific cultivation or processing techniques. It also manages the certification process, ensuring that products bearing these labels meet the established standards. This rigorous system helps consumers identify products of guaranteed origin and quality, supporting producers and preserving traditional agricultural practices. The institute's activities are vital for the economic and cultural heritage associated with French gastronomy.