Hüsterektoomia

Hüsterektoomia is the Hungarian term for hysterectomy, a surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed. The operation may involve removal of the cervix, and in some cases the ovaries and fallopian tubes, depending on medical indications and patient preference. After the uterus is removed, pregnancy is no longer possible.

There are several variants of the procedure. Total hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix. Subtotal or supracervical hysterectomy removes the uterus but leaves the cervix intact. Radical hysterectomy, typically performed for cervical cancer, includes removal of parts of surrounding tissues. If the ovaries and/or fallopian tubes are removed, the procedure is accompanied by oophorectomy and/or salpingectomy.

Hysterectomy can be performed through different approaches. Abdominal hysterectomy involves an incision in the abdomen. Vaginal hysterectomy removes the uterus through the vaginal canal. Minimally invasive methods include laparoscopic and robot-assisted hysterectomy, which use smallincisions and specialized instruments. The choice of approach depends on the underlying condition, uterus size, prior surgeries, and surgeon expertise.

Indications for hústerektoomia include heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding, symptomatic fibroids (leiomyomas), endometriosis, adenomyosis, prolapse of the uterus, pelvic pain, and gynecologic cancers of the uterus or cervix. The procedure results in permanent infertility and, if the ovaries are removed, immediate onset of menopause.

Risks associated with hysterectomy include infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding organs (such as the bladder or intestines), blood clots, and anesthetic complications. Recovery time varies but commonly spans several weeks, with pain control and gradual return to normal activities.