Hüperkoagulatsioon

Hüperkoagulatsioon, also known as thrombophilia, is a condition characterized by an increased tendency for blood to clot. This can manifest in various ways, including the formation of blood clots in veins (venous thrombosis) or arteries (arterial thrombosis). The coagulation system is a complex cascade of proteins and enzymes that normally works to stop bleeding by forming clots. In hypercoagulable states, this system is either overactive or not adequately regulated, leading to excessive clot formation.

There are two main types of hypercoagulability: inherited and acquired. Inherited thrombophilia refers to genetic mutations that predispose an individual to clotting, such as Factor V Leiden mutation or deficiencies in natural anticoagulants like antithrombin, protein C, or protein S. Acquired hypercoagulability can be caused by a range of factors, including prolonged immobility, surgery, trauma, cancer, certain medications like oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and specific medical conditions such as antiphospholipid syndrome or inflammatory diseases.

The symptoms of hypercoagulable states vary depending on the location and size of the clot. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs can cause pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. If a clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism (PE), leading to shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Arterial clots can lead to stroke or heart attack. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical assessment, blood tests to evaluate clotting factors and the presence of specific mutations or antibodies, and imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment strategies aim to prevent clot formation and treat existing clots, often involving anticoagulation therapy.