Húðpróf

Húðpróf, or skin testing, is a diagnostic procedure used to identify substances that may be causing an allergic reaction in an individual. This medical test involves exposing a small area of the skin to a suspected allergen and observing for a reaction. The most common type of skin test is the prick test, also known as the puncture test. In this method, a tiny drop of an allergen extract is placed on the skin, typically on the forearm or back. The skin is then gently pricked or scratched through the drop. Another method is the intradermal test, where a small amount of the allergen is injected just beneath the surface of the skin using a fine needle. Patch testing is another form of skin testing used to diagnose contact dermatitis, where allergens are applied to the skin under an occlusive dressing and left for 48 hours.

The reaction, if any, usually appears within 15 to 20 minutes for prick and intradermal tests. A positive reaction is indicated by the development of a raised, red, and itchy bump, known as a wheal, surrounded by a flare. The size of the wheal and flare helps determine the degree of sensitivity. Skin testing is a valuable tool for allergists and immunologists to pinpoint specific triggers for conditions like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. It is important that skin tests are performed by trained medical professionals in a setting equipped to manage any potential severe allergic reactions.