Höhlen

Höhlen, also known as caves, are natural underground spaces large enough for a human to enter. They are formed by various geological processes, most commonly the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum by water. This process, called karstification, can take thousands or even millions of years. Other types of caves include lava tubes formed by flowing lava, sea caves carved by wave action, and talus caves formed by rockfalls.

Cave environments are often unique and can host specialized ecosystems. The stable temperature and high humidity found within many caves create conditions suitable for a variety of life forms, including bats, insects, amphibians, and microorganisms. Some of these organisms are troglobites, meaning they are exclusively adapted to life in caves and cannot survive outside.

Humans have utilized caves for shelter and as places of spiritual significance since prehistoric times. Evidence of early human habitation is found in many caves worldwide, often in the form of cave paintings, tools, and skeletal remains. Today, caves are important for scientific research, tourism, and conservation efforts. They provide insights into geological history, climate change, and the evolution of life. However, caves are also fragile environments that can be easily damaged by human activity, making responsible exploration and protection crucial.