Hófelmérések

Hófelmérések, or snow surveys, are systematic measurements of snowpack properties. These surveys are crucial for understanding water resources, predicting avalanche danger, and studying climate change. The primary measurements typically include snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE). Snow depth is the vertical thickness of the snow layer. Snow water equivalent represents the amount of liquid water that would result from melting the snowpack. This is often a more important metric than depth alone, as snow density can vary significantly.

Surveys are conducted using various methods. Manual snow surveys involve physically probing snow depth with a measuring stick and collecting snow samples using a snow tube to determine SWE. Automated snow telemetry (SNOTEL) sites use sensors to continuously measure snow depth and SWE, transmitting data remotely. Remote sensing techniques, such as satellite imagery and airborne surveys, can also provide broader spatial coverage of snowpack information.

The data collected from hófelmérések is vital for hydrologists to forecast streamflow and reservoir levels, particularly in regions dependent on snowmelt for water supply. Avalanche forecasters use snowpack data to assess stability and issue warnings. Climatologists analyze long-term snow survey records to track changes in snow cover duration and SWE, which are sensitive indicators of global warming. These measurements contribute to a better understanding of the cryosphere and its role in the Earth's climate system.