Hääletusmeetod

Hääletusmeetod refers to the system or procedure used to count and determine the outcome of an election or vote. Different hääletusmeetodid exist, each with its own rules and implications for how votes are translated into a final result.

Common hääletusmeetodid include plurality voting, also known as first-past-the-post, where the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not secure a majority. Another method is majority voting, which requires a candidate to receive more than 50% of the votes to win. If no candidate achieves this in the first round, a second round of voting may occur.

Proportional representation is a group of hääletusmeetodid designed to allocate seats in a legislature in proportion to the votes received by each party. This often involves multi-member districts and complex formulas to distribute seats. Ranked-choice voting, or preferential voting, allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. The votes are then counted in rounds, with the lowest-ranked candidate eliminated and their votes redistributed according to the voters' next preferences until a candidate achieves a majority.

The choice of hääletusmeetod can significantly impact election results, influencing voter turnout, the diversity of representation, and the perceived legitimacy of the outcome. Each method has advantages and disadvantages regarding simplicity, fairness, and strategic voting. The specific hääletusmeetod employed is often determined by the constitution or electoral laws of a country or organization.