Hypotyreóza

Hypotyreóza, also known as an underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism, affecting functions such as heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When thyroid hormone levels are low, many of the body's processes slow down.

The symptoms of hypotyreóza can vary widely and often develop gradually, making them easy to overlook initially. Common signs include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, constipation, and hair loss. In more severe cases, it can lead to depression, memory problems, and a slowed heart rate. Children with hypotyreóza may experience delayed growth and development.

The most common cause of hypotyreóza in many parts of the world is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include surgical removal of the thyroid, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Treatment usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormone is taken orally. This medication helps to restore hormone levels and alleviate symptoms, allowing the body's metabolism to return to normal. With proper treatment, individuals with hypotyreóza can lead healthy lives.