HyponatriämieHypernatriämie

Hyponatriämie and hypernatriämie are medical conditions characterized by abnormal levels of sodium in the blood. Sodium is a crucial electrolyte that plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and blood pressure. Hyponatriämie refers to a condition where the sodium level in the blood is lower than normal, typically below 135 mmol/L. This can occur due to various factors, including excessive fluid intake, certain medications, or conditions like diabetes insipidus. Symptoms of hyponatriämie may include nausea, vomiting, headache, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Treatment often involves addressing the underlying cause and, in some cases, administering sodium supplements.

Conversely, hypernatriämie is characterized by elevated sodium levels in the blood, usually above 145 mmol/L. This condition can result from inadequate fluid intake, excessive sweating, or conditions like diabetes mellitus. Symptoms of hypernatriämie may include thirst, dry mouth, headache, and in severe cases, confusion, seizures, or coma. Treatment typically involves rehydration and addressing the underlying cause. Both hyponatriämie and hypernatriämie require prompt medical attention, as severe imbalances can lead to serious complications. Regular monitoring of sodium levels is essential for individuals with conditions that predispose them to these conditions.