Hypokhânes

Hypokhânes are preparatory classes in the French educational system, primarily designed to help students prepare for competitive entrance examinations to prestigious French "Grandes Écoles." These institutions, such as the École Normale Supérieure (ENS), the École Polytechnique, and the various business schools, are highly selective and demand rigorous academic training. Hypokhânes are typically a two-year program following the Baccalauréat, the French high school diploma.

The curriculum in a Hypokhâne is intensive and broad, focusing on core subjects like literature, philosophy, history, geography, foreign languages, and sometimes mathematics or economics, depending on the specific track. The primary goal is not necessarily to master a subject but to develop a strong work ethic, analytical skills, and the ability to synthesize information quickly and effectively. Students are expected to read extensively, write numerous essays and dissertations, and participate in oral examinations called "colles."

There are several types of Hypokhânes. The most common are "Khâgne" (often shortened from Hypokhâgne), which focuses on literature and humanities, and "Maths sup" / "Maths spé" (Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles scientifiques), which are science-oriented. Within Khâgne, there can be further specializations like Lettres Supérieures (Hypokhâgne classique) or Lettres Modernes. The intensity of the workload and the competitive environment are hallmarks of the Hypokhâne experience, often leading to significant personal and academic growth for those who persevere.