Hypochloritebased

Hypochlorite-based compounds are chemicals that contain the hypochlorite ion, ClO−, or hypochlorous acid derivatives. They are strong oxidizing agents used principally for disinfection, water treatment, and bleaching.

The most common hypochlorite salts are sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), used in household bleach and industrial sanitizers, and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent in laundry and pulp processing. Lithium hypochlorite exists but is less common.

In aqueous solution, the equilibrium between hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl−) depends on pH; HOCl is a more effective disinfectant at lower pH, while higher pH shifts the balance toward OCl−, which is less active but more stable in solution.

Production and storage: hypochlorite can be produced by reacting chlorine gas with sodium or calcium hydroxide, or generated via electrolysis of brine. Solutions are unstable and decompose under heat, light, or in contact with certain metals; storage in cool, dark, well-sealed containers is advised.

Applications include household bleach, sanitation in health care and the food industry, disinfection of drinking water, and industrial bleaching of textiles and paper. Hypochlorite-based formulations are widely used for rapid disinfection and oxidation in various commercial and municipal contexts.

Safety and environmental: hypochlorite is a corrosive oxidizer that can irritate skin and eyes. It releases chlorine gas when acidified or heated and can decompose to chloride and chlorate if mishandled. Proper handling, labeling, and disposal according to regulations are important to minimize hazards.