Hyperémie

Hyperémie refers to an excess of blood in a part of the body. This condition is often a localized physiological response. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including inflammation, heat, or increased metabolic activity in the affected tissue. When a tissue becomes hyperemic, the blood vessels in that area dilate, leading to increased blood flow. This increased flow can manifest as redness, warmth, and swelling.

There are two main types of hyperémie: active and passive. Active hyperémie is characterized by increased arterial inflow, typically due to the dilation of arterioles. This is often seen in situations like the flushing of the skin in response to exercise or embarrassment. Passive hyperémie, on the other hand, is caused by impaired venous outflow. This leads to a buildup of blood in the capillaries and veins. Conditions like venous obstruction can result in passive hyperémie.

While hyperémie is often a temporary and benign response, it can also be indicative of underlying medical issues. For example, inflammation, which frequently causes hyperémie, can be a sign of infection or injury. Persistent or severe hyperémie may require medical attention to address the root cause. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may be supported by imaging techniques to assess blood flow. Treatment strategies are aimed at resolving the underlying cause of the increased blood flow.