Hypervascularization

Hypervascularization refers to an abnormal increase in the number or size of blood vessels in a tissue or organ. This process, also known as angiogenesis, is a normal physiological response involved in wound healing, embryonic development, and the female reproductive cycle. However, it can also be a pathological phenomenon associated with various diseases.

In the context of disease, hypervascularization can occur in tumors, where it provides the necessary blood supply for tumor growth and metastasis. This increased vascularity is often a characteristic feature observed in imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, and can be a target for anti-angiogenic therapies aimed at starving tumors of their blood supply.

Beyond cancer, hypervascularization can be seen in other conditions, including inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, where it contributes to joint swelling and damage. It is also implicated in certain eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, where abnormal blood vessel growth can lead to vision loss. Other examples include arteriovenous malformations, which are tangled clusters of abnormal blood vessels, and psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by increased vascularity in affected areas. The specific mechanisms and clinical significance of hypervascularization vary greatly depending on the underlying cause and affected tissue.