Hyperlipoproteinämie

Hyperlipoproteinemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood. These lipids are transported in the blood by lipoproteins, which are complexes of fats and proteins. High levels of these lipoproteins can lead to atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

There are several types of hyperlipoproteinemia, classified based on which lipoproteins are elevated. These are often categorized into primary and secondary forms. Primary hyperlipoproteinemia has a genetic basis, meaning it is inherited. Secondary hyperlipoproteinemia is caused by other medical conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, or kidney disease, or by lifestyle factors like a poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of hyperlipoproteinemia are often absent, especially in the early stages. However, in more severe cases, individuals may develop xanthomas, which are fatty deposits under the skin, or arcus senilis, a white ring around the cornea of the eye. Diagnosis is made through blood tests that measure lipid levels.

Treatment aims to lower lipid levels and reduce cardiovascular risk. This typically involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased physical activity, weight loss, and smoking cessation. In some cases, medication may be prescribed, including statins, fibrates, or niacin. Regular monitoring of lipid levels is important to assess the effectiveness of treatment.