Hydroperoksidien

Hydroperoxides, sometimes referred to as hydroperoksiden in some languages, are organic compounds that contain the hydroperoxy group (-OOH) attached to an organic moiety, giving the general formula ROOH. They are a subset of peroxides and are widely used as intermediates in chemical synthesis and as radical initiators in polymerization processes.

In industry, hydroperoxides can form by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons or fats. A well-known example is cumene hydroperoxide, produced during the cumene process for making phenol and acetone. Hydroperoxides also arise during the oxidation of fats and oils, contributing to rancidity and quality changes. Because of their reactivity, many hydroperoxides are generated and handled under controlled conditions and used as precursors for further transformations.

Chemically, hydroperoxides are generally less stable than many other functional groups. They can decompose exothermically to generate reactive radical species such as alkoxy (RO•) and hydroxyl (HO•) radicals, which can propagate chain reactions in organic media. Their instability makes them useful as initiators for polymerization, but it also requires careful storage and handling. Common examples include tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP).

Safety and handling are important considerations with hydroperoxides. Many are shock- or heat-sensitive and can form explosive organic peroxides under certain conditions, especially in the presence of metals or impurities. Storage and use typically require cooling, inhibitors, proper containment, and adherence to regulatory guidelines to mitigate hazards.