Hydrometallurgiaan
Hydrometallurgiaan, in Dutch referring to hydrometallurgy, is the branch of extractive metallurgy that deals with recovering metals from ores, concentrates, and other materials through aqueous chemical processes. Metals are dissolved in water-based solutions and subsequently separated, purified, and recovered, typically at ambient or modest temperatures. Hydrometallurgy complements pyrometallurgy and is particularly effective for fine-grained or low-grade ores and for recycling streams.
Core operations include leaching to dissolve metals, followed by purification and transfer of the metal into
Applications span primary metal production and recycling, including copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, uranium, gold, and rare
Environmental and economic aspects focus on water use, chemical management, and containment of effluents, with a