Hydrolaten

Hydrolates, also called hydrosols or floral waters, are the water-based byproducts of steam distillation or hydro-distillation of plant material. They contain water-soluble plant compounds and trace amounts of essential oil, producing a mild fragrance and gentle properties.

Production and composition: Steam passes through plant matter, capturing volatile compounds, which are condensed and separate into a fragrant oil layer and a water-based hydrosol. Hydrolates usually have lower essential-oil content and are rich in water-soluble constituents, with a slightly acidic pH.

Uses: They are widely used in cosmetics and skin care as toners, facial mists, or additives in creams; in hair care; and in some culinary applications (for example, rose or orange blossom water). In aromatherapy they provide gentle fragrance. Check labeling for ingestion.

Storage and safety: Store in airtight, dark glass containers, away from heat and light. Refrigeration after opening helps extend shelf life; discard if there is off-odor, cloudiness, or signs of spoilage. Some hydrolates may require preservatives to prevent microbial growth.

Common varieties include rose, lavender, chamomile, orange blossom, peppermint, lemon, and rosemary hydrosols, each with distinct aroma and uses.

Regulatory notes: In cosmetics, hydrolates are listed as ingredients or marketed as floral waters; they are not interchangeable with essential oils and should be used according to product labeling and safety guidelines.