Hydrofoiling

Hydrofoiling is a method of water propulsion in which one or more submerged hydrofoil wings attached to a mast or strut lift a vessel or board above the water surface as speed increases. The foil acts like an underwater wing, reducing hull-water contact and dramatically lowering drag, which allows higher speeds and more efficient travel.

The basic system includes a hydrofoil or set of foils under the hull or attached to a board, plus a mast, strut, or fuselage connecting the foils to the deck. Control surfaces or adjustable foils help manage lift, stability, and pitch. Configurations vary from single-foil arrangements on boats to multi-foil systems that provide lift and stability, and from dedicated foil boats to foil-equipped boards and surfboards.

Hydrofoiling is used across several smaller and larger platforms. Large boats and sailboats can employ retractable or fixed foils to improve efficiency on long passages. In personal recreation, foil boards, wind foiling, stand-up paddleboard foiling, and electric hydrofoil boards (e-foils) have gained popularity, enabling riders to rise above the water surface and ride with reduced drag even at moderate wind or paddle speeds.

History and development trace early hydrofoil experiments in the 20th century, with continued advances in foil design, materials, and control systems shaping modern performance craft. Today, hydrofoiling is pursued for sport, transportation, and research, favored for its potential to increase speed and efficiency while offering a distinct riding or cruising experience.

Safety and practicality concerns include depth clearance, water conditions, equipment complexity, maintenance needs, and the risk of collisions or foil contact. Proper training and lightweight, well-maintained gear are essential for safe operation.