Hvannadalshnúkur

Hvannadalshnúkur is the highest point in Iceland, rising to 2,110 meters above sea level. It is a glaciated volcanic summit on the eastern rim of Öræfajökull, the central volcano of the Öræfajökull massif, which sits atop the Vatnajökull ice cap in southeast Iceland. The peak lies within Vatnajökull National Park.

Geology and setting: Hvannadalshnúkur is part of the Öræfajökull glacier system, a subglacial volcano. The landscape is defined by glaciated terrain, crevasses, and steep ridges, with the ice cap shaping the summit and its surroundings. The area experiences harsh alpine weather and strong winds, and conditions can change rapidly.

Climbing: The common ascent starts from the Skaftafell area and involves glacier travel to the summit. The trip typically takes one to two days, depending on route and conditions. Climbers need proper glacier travel gear—crampons, ice axe, rope—and are advised to hire a guide if unfamiliar with glacier navigation. Summer (June–August) generally offers the most favorable weather, while winter ascents are hazardous due to snow, wind, and avalanche risk.

Significance: As Iceland’s highest point, Hvannadalshnúkur is a major destination for hikers and mountaineers and a notable feature of Iceland’s glacier- volcanic landscape. It lies within Vatnajökull National Park, a protected area that preserves glacial and volcanic environments and supports scientific study of glaciation and volcanology.