Öræfajökull

Öræfajökull is the southernmost volcano in Iceland and its highest peak, Hvannadalshnúkur, stands at 2,110 meters. It is a stratovolcano located within the Vatnajökull National Park in southeastern Iceland. The volcano is largely covered by an ice cap, which is part of the larger Vatnajökull glacier. Öræfajökull is known for its explosive eruptions, which have been infrequent but significant in Icelandic history.

The most notable eruption occurred in 1362, known as the "Öræfajökull Eruption." This event was one of the most destructive in Iceland, causing widespread ashfall and devastating the surrounding farmland and settlements, leading to depopulation of the area for a period. Another significant eruption took place in 1727. Geologists monitor Öræfajökull closely due to its potential for future activity.

The slopes of Öræfajökull are characterized by rugged terrain and glacial features. While the upper reaches are covered in ice, lower elevations can exhibit volcanic rock and ash deposits. The surrounding region is sparsely populated, with the closest settlements being agricultural communities. The Vatnajökull National Park designation highlights the ecological and geological importance of the area, which includes Öræfajökull. The volcano's ice cap contributes to the numerous glacial rivers that flow from Vatnajökull.