Hov

HOV stands for High-Occupancy Vehicle. It refers to lanes or roadway areas designated for vehicles with a minimum number of occupants, typically two or three, to encourage carpooling and reduce traffic congestion and related emissions. HOV facilities are usually separated from general-purpose lanes and may function as part of a broader managed-lane network. In some regions, HOV will operate alongside High-Occupancy Toll or HOT lanes, where solo drivers can pay a toll to use the lane and maintain faster travel times.

Occupancy requirements and eligibility vary by jurisdiction. The most common rule is two or more occupants, though some corridors require three. Buses, vans used for carpools, and sometimes motorcycles are often eligible regardless of occupancy. Certain regions also provide exemptions or special provisions for vanpools or transit vehicles. Access is limited to designated entrances and exits, and enforcement is typically carried out through road signage, periodic patrols, and occasionally cameras.

Operation and design features can differ. Some HOV lanes operate only during peak periods, while others are all-day facilities. In many cases, HOV lanes are part of a broader strategy to improve transit reliability and encourage efficient use of road space. Reversible lanes and variable messaging may be used to manage flow.

Impact and criticism are mixed. Supporters argue HOV lanes reduce single-occupancy trips, shorten commute times for eligible users, and lower per-person emissions. Critics contend that if occupancy thresholds are not consistently met, lanes can become underutilized or simply shift congestion rather than relieve it, and the benefits depend on local traffic patterns and transit options.