Hortumlar

Hortumlar, also known as tornadoes, are violently rotating columns of air that extend from a thunderstorm to the ground. They are characterized by their funnel-shaped appearance and the destructive winds they generate. Hortumlar form under specific atmospheric conditions, typically involving a supercell thunderstorm with strong updrafts and wind shear. Wind shear, the change in wind speed or direction with height, is crucial for initiating the rotation within the storm that can eventually lead to a hortum.

The intensity of a hortum is measured using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale, which ranges from EF0 (weakest) to EF5 (strongest) based on the damage caused. EF0 hortumlar can cause minor damage like broken tree branches, while EF5 hortumlar can completely destroy well-built homes and carry cars for considerable distances. The destructive power of a hortum comes from its extremely high wind speeds, which can exceed 300 miles per hour in the most intense cases.

While hortumlar are most commonly associated with the Great Plains region of the United States, often referred to as "Tornado Alley," they can occur in many parts of the world. Their formation is complex and not fully understood, but meteorologists continuously study them to improve forecasting and warning systems. Early detection and warning are vital for public safety, allowing people to seek shelter before a hortum strikes.