EF5

EF5 is the highest rating on the Enhanced Fujita scale, a system used to estimate tornado intensity based on observed damage. The Enhanced Fujita scale (EF scale) superseded the original Fujita scale in 2007 and was developed by the National Weather Service (NWS) and collaborating researchers to provide more consistent wind estimates through standardized damage indicators.

Tornadoes are rated on a scale from EF0 to EF5, with EF5 representing the most extreme damage. The estimated wind speeds for EF5 are 200 mph (322 km/h) or greater, though winds are not usually measured directly during tornadoes. Ratings are assigned after storm surveys conducted by NWS meteorologists, who compare observed damage to predefined damage indicators that relate damage severity to wind speeds.

Typical EF5 damage includes the near-complete destruction of well-built structures, cars and large debris thrown long distances, and ground scouring where the surface has been stripped. High-rise buildings and other large structures may also be heavily damaged or demolished. Because ratings depend on observed damage and construction quality, EF5 assessments can vary with building codes and construction practices.

EF5 rating has been applied to several notable US events, including the 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado and the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma tornado.

The EF scale emphasizes damage-based wind estimates rather than direct measurements, and ratings reflect post-storm surveys. It is used primarily in the United States, with adoption and application in other countries where the scale is standard.