Homeopathy

Homeopathy is a system of alternative medicine developed in the late 18th century by Samuel Hahnemann. It is based on two main ideas: like cures like, the notion that a substance that causes symptoms in a healthy person can, in highly diluted form, treat similar symptoms in illness; and potentization, a preparation process involving serial dilutions and vigorous shaking (succussion) believed to imprint therapeutic properties in the diluent.

Remedies are prepared by repeatedly diluting a substance in water or alcohol and then succussing. Dilutions are often expressed as centesimal (C) or decimal (X) scales; many products are diluted to the point that no molecules of the original material are likely to remain.

Practitioners assert that the diluted substances stimulate the body's self-healing responses and can treat a wide range of conditions, from acute colds to chronic ailments. Remedies are typically given as small sugar pellets, liquids, or tablets.

Evidence and assessment: Systematic reviews have found no reliable evidence that homeopathic remedies perform better than placebo for any clinically meaningful outcome. The proposed mechanisms conflict with fundamental principles of chemistry and physics. As a result, major medical organizations consider homeopathy ineffective as a medical treatment.

Safety and regulation: When used as directed for minor conditions, homeopathic products are generally considered safe, though there is concern about delays in seeking effective treatment if used in place of proven therapies. Regulation varies by country; some places require evidence of safety and manufacturing standards, while others regulate products with broad claims less strictly.