Holiday

A holiday is a day set aside by custom or law for rest, commemoration, or celebration. It typically involves non-working time for many workers and may be public, religious, secular, or cultural in origin. In some varieties of English, holiday also refers to a period away from work or study, i.e., a vacation.

The term derives from Old English haligdæg meaning "holy day." Over time, the sense expanded to include days devoted to leisure or special observances, and in some dialects "holiday" is used as a synonym for "vacation."

Public or national holidays are established by governments and typically involve closures of schools and government offices. Religious holidays commemorate events central to a faith, such as Christmas or Eid. Secular holidays celebrate historical or civic milestones, while cultural holidays reflect local traditions.

Practices vary by country and tradition but commonly include ceremonies, parades, meals, and family gatherings. Dates may be fixed or moveable; some holidays are observed on weekdays, others on weekends or adjacent days.

Holidays shape work schedules, tourism, and consumer activity. They can boost travel and hospitality industries but also impose costs on businesses and logistics. The social function is to provide time for rest, reflection, or community participation.

In pluralistic societies, questions arise about inclusivity and neutrality of holiday calendars, especially regarding recognition of minority traditions. Some critics also view commercialization and long breaks as economically or socially burdensome.