Hochwasserrückhaltungsfähigkeit

Hochwasserrückhaltebecken, often abbreviated as HRB, are artificial basins designed to temporarily store excess water during flood events. Their primary purpose is to reduce flood peaks downstream, thereby protecting communities and infrastructure from damage. These structures are typically built along rivers or streams and can be designed in various ways, either as permanent reservoirs or as dry basins that are only filled when necessary.

The construction of a Hochwasserrückhaltebecken usually involves the creation of an embankment or dam that impounds water. When the water level in the river rises above a certain threshold, controlled sluice gates or spillways allow the excess water to enter the basin. The stored water is then gradually released back into the river or a connected water body once the flood threat has subsided, ensuring that the downstream flow remains within safe limits.

The effectiveness of a Hochwasserrückhaltebecken depends on its storage capacity, the design of its inlet and outlet structures, and its integration into a broader flood management strategy. Besides flood control, these basins can sometimes offer secondary benefits such as groundwater recharge, habitat creation for aquatic life, and recreational opportunities during dry periods. However, their construction can also lead to changes in local hydrology and ecology, requiring careful planning and environmental impact assessments. The concept of Hochwasserrückhaltebecken is a crucial component of modern flood defense systems in many regions.