Hjerneinfeksjon

Hjerneinfeksjon, also known as encephalitis or meningitis depending on the affected area, is an inflammation of the brain or its surrounding membranes. This inflammation is typically caused by an infection, most commonly viral, but bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections can also be responsible. The infection can spread to the brain through the bloodstream from another part of the body, or it can enter directly after head trauma or surgery.

Symptoms of hjerneinfeksjon can vary widely and may include fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, sensitivity to light, and a rash. In more severe cases, individuals may experience drowsiness, personality changes, difficulty speaking, or paralysis. Prompt medical attention is crucial as these infections can lead to serious complications, including permanent brain damage, neurological deficits, or even death if left untreated.

Diagnosis usually involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid, blood tests to identify the causative agent, and neuroimaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans to visualize the brain. Treatment depends on the specific cause of the infection. For bacterial meningitis, antibiotics are the primary treatment. Viral encephalitis may be treated with antiviral medications, though supportive care is often the main approach. Fungal or parasitic infections require specific antifungal or antiparasitic drugs. Prevention strategies include vaccination against certain infectious agents like Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus, as well as practicing good hygiene to reduce the risk of transmission.