Histokompatibiliteediga

Histokompatibiliteediga, meaning histocompatibility in English, refers to the degree to which the tissues of one individual are compatible with those of another individual. This compatibility is primarily determined by the genetic makeup of the individuals, particularly their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA genes encode proteins that are crucial for the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self.

When tissues or organs are transplanted from one person to another, the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor's tissues as foreign if they are not sufficiently histocompatible. This recognition triggers an immune response, leading to rejection of the transplanted material. The greater the difference in HLA markers between donor and recipient, the higher the likelihood of a severe immune response and transplant rejection.

Histocompatibility testing is a critical step in organ transplantation and blood transfusions. It involves analyzing the HLA types of both the donor and the recipient to assess the potential for immune compatibility. While perfect matches are rare, minimizing the differences in HLA types can significantly improve the success rates of transplants and reduce the need for immunosuppressive drugs, which carry their own risks. Understanding histocompatibility is therefore fundamental to the field of transplantation medicine.