Hirme

Hirme is a concept that appears in ancient Mesopotamian texts, particularly Sumerian and Akkadian literature. It generally refers to a kind of "curse" or "oath" that carries significant weight and is often invoked in legal and religious contexts. The term can also imply a binding obligation or a solemn promise. When a hirme was pronounced, it was believed to have supernatural power to punish those who broke their word or acted against divine will.

The hirme was not simply a verbal threat; it was often seen as a direct appeal to the gods to intervene and enforce the oath. Breaking a hirme could result in divine retribution, leading to misfortune, illness, or even death for the offender and their family. Consequently, people were very careful about making oaths and promises, as the consequences of violating a hirme were considered severe. The concept played a crucial role in maintaining social order and ensuring the integrity of agreements in ancient Mesopotamian societies.