Hipovolémico

Hipovolémico refers to a state of abnormally low blood volume within the circulatory system. This condition, also known as hypovolemic shock, occurs when the body loses a significant amount of blood or other fluids, leading to a drastic decrease in the amount of blood circulating and reaching vital organs. The most common causes of hypovolemic shock include severe hemorrhage (bleeding) due to trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Non-hemorrhagic causes can involve significant fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, burns, or inadequate fluid intake.

The reduced blood volume leads to decreased venous return to the heart, which in turn lowers cardiac output. Consequently, the body's tissues and organs do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients, a state called hypoperfusion. Symptoms can vary depending on the severity but often include rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, cool and clammy skin, reduced urine output, and confusion or anxiety.

Management of hypovolemic shock focuses on rapidly restoring circulating fluid volume. This typically involves intravenous fluid resuscitation with crystalloids (like saline or Ringer's lactate) or colloids. If the cause is bleeding, controlling the hemorrhage is paramount, often requiring surgical intervention. Blood transfusions may be necessary for significant blood loss. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical for improving outcomes and preventing potentially life-threatening complications.