Hipofosfaatti

Hipofosfaatti, also known as hypophosphite, is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula [PO₂H₂]⁻. It is a derivative of hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphites are salts or esters of hypophosphorous acid. In solid form, they are often white crystalline substances. Hipofosfaatti compounds are generally soluble in water.

The most common hipofosfaatti is sodium hipofosfaatti (NaH₂PO₂). Other notable examples include calcium hipofosfaatti and potassium hipofosfaatti. These compounds find applications in various industrial processes. For instance, sodium hipofosfaatti is widely used as a reducing agent, particularly in electroless plating of nickel, where it reduces nickel ions to metallic nickel without the need for an electric current. This process is crucial for creating protective and decorative coatings on various surfaces.

Hipofosfaatti can also act as a stabilizer in polymers and as an antioxidant. In some formulations, it is used to prevent degradation of materials. Due to its reducing properties, it is also employed in the synthesis of certain organic compounds. While generally considered relatively stable, hipofosfaatti compounds can decompose when heated, potentially releasing phosphine gas, which is toxic. Their handling and disposal require appropriate safety measures.