Hipertüreoosi

Hipertüreoosi, also known as hyperthyroidism, is a medical condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, affecting heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When the thyroid produces too much of these hormones, it leads to a state of hypermetabolism.

Several factors can cause hipertüreoosi. The most common cause is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce excessive hormones. Other causes include toxic nodular goiter, where one or more nodules on the thyroid gland become overactive, and thyroiditis, which is inflammation of the thyroid gland that can temporarily release excess hormones.

Symptoms of hipertüreoosi can vary but often include unexplained weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, tremors, increased sweating, and heat intolerance. Some individuals may also experience changes in their menstrual patterns, goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), and eye problems, particularly with Graves' disease.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, and sometimes imaging studies like a radioactive iodine uptake scan or an ultrasound of the thyroid. Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones or block their effects. Common treatment options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and in some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications.