Hiperplazija

Hiperplazija is a biological process characterized by an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often in response to increased demand or stimulation. This process is distinct from hyperplasia, which refers to an increase in cell size. Hiperplazija can occur in various contexts, including physiological and pathological conditions.

In physiological contexts, hiperplazija is a normal response to increased demand. For example, the liver can undergo hiperplazija in response to increased metabolic demands, such as during pregnancy or after partial hepatectomy. Similarly, the uterus undergoes hiperplazija during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle in preparation for potential pregnancy.

Pathologically, hiperplazija can be a response to chronic stimulation or injury. For instance, chronic irritation of the bladder lining can lead to hiperplazija of the urothelium, potentially progressing to bladder cancer. In the thyroid gland, chronic stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can lead to hiperplazija of thyroid follicles, contributing to the development of goiter.

Hiperplazija is regulated by various growth factors and hormones, and its extent and duration depend on the specific tissue and the nature of the stimulus. In some cases, prolonged hiperplazija can lead to the development of tumors, highlighting the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms and potential risks associated with this process.