Hingamissüklit

Hingamissüklit refers to the process of breathing, encompassing the inhalation and exhalation of air. This vital physiological function is essential for life, allowing organisms to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. The lungs are the primary organs involved in this process, facilitating the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the bloodstream.

The mechanical aspect of breathing involves the coordinated action of muscles, most notably the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, while the intercostal muscles lift the rib cage upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, reducing pressure within the lungs and drawing air in. Exhalation, on the other hand, is typically a passive process. The diaphragm relaxes, returning to its dome shape, and the intercostal muscles relax, causing the rib cage to lower. This decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity, increasing pressure within the lungs and forcing air out.

The rate and depth of breathing can vary depending on factors such as physical activity, emotional state, and oxygen levels in the blood. For instance, during exercise, the body requires more oxygen, leading to an increased breathing rate and depth. Conversely, during rest, breathing is slower and shallower. The nervous system, particularly the brainstem, plays a crucial role in regulating breathing patterns, responding to chemical signals in the blood and maintaining a steady supply of oxygen. In humans, a typical resting breathing rate is around 12 to 20 breaths per minute.