Hiiran

Hiiran (also spelled Hiran) is an administrative region in central Somalia. It is one of the two regions that form the Hirshabelle Federal Member State. The regional capital and largest town is Beledweyne, situated on the banks of the Shabelle River.

Geography and environment

Hiiran lies along the middle reaches of the Shabelle River and includes fertile floodplains that support seasonal agriculture and pasture. The landscape combines riverine plains with semi-arid uplands. The region is prone to alternating hazards: seasonal river flooding during heavy rains and drought during periods of low precipitation, both of which shape local livelihoods and food security.

Population and society

The region is inhabited by Somali clans with long-established agro-pastoral and trading communities concentrated in towns and riverine villages. Beledweyne functions as the main commercial and administrative center, linking local producers to national markets.

Economy

Agriculture and livestock husbandry are the backbone of the local economy. Irrigated cultivation of cereals and horticulture along the Shabelle supports household consumption and market sales; livestock trade is also important, with animals moved to domestic and regional markets.

Governance and security

Hiiran is administered as a regional unit within the federal structure of Somalia. Since the collapse of central authority in the 1990s the region has experienced episodes of conflict and contestation, including activity by armed groups and periodic military operations. International and local actors have engaged in stabilization, humanitarian assistance, and flood response efforts.

Infrastructure and services

Transport and public services are concentrated in urban centers; rural areas face limited access to health, education, and reliable infrastructure, challenges compounded by climate shocks and insecurity.