Hiekoitusta

Hiekoitusta, commonly referred to as gritting or grit spreading, is a winter road maintenance practice in which abrasive material is spread on snow- or ice-covered surfaces to improve traction and reduce the risk of slipping. It is used on roads, cycle paths, and pedestrian areas, especially on high-traffic routes and in icy conditions.

The materials used vary. Dry sand, crushed stone, or commercial grit are common options; mixtures that include salt or other de-icing agents may also be used, sometimes as pre-wetted brine or salt-sand mixtures to enhance adhesion and extend effectiveness. Sand alone increases friction but does not melt ice, whereas salt-containing mixtures can help with melting at certain temperatures.

Operation and planning involve vehicles equipped with gritter equipment that distribute material at controlled rates. The choice of material and rate depends on factors such as temperature, precipitation, traffic volume, and the priority of the area. Gritting is often coordinated with snow removal and may occur at night or during the day. Priorities typically include main roads, intersections, public transit corridors, and locations with vulnerable users such as schools and hospitals.

Limitations and environmental considerations are important. Gritting reduces traction deficiencies but does not eliminate ice in all conditions, and excessive use can create dust, leave slippery Residues when wet, or cause environmental and infrastructural damage from salt runoff and corrosion. Therefore maintenance decisions balance safety, budget, and environmental guidelines. In many Nordic countries, hiekoitus is part of municipal winter road maintenance programs, with ongoing monitoring and public communication.