Herzleitungsstörungen

Herzleitungsstörungen, also known as conduction disorders of the heart, refer to abnormalities in the electrical impulse formation or conduction system of the heart. The heart's electrical system regulates its rhythm, ensuring that the chambers contract in a coordinated manner to pump blood effectively. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to a variety of heart rhythm problems, collectively termed arrhythmias.

These disorders can affect different parts of the electrical pathway. For instance, sinoatrial node dysfunction involves problems with the heart's natural pacemaker, leading to irregular or slow heartbeats. Atrioventricular (AV) block occurs when the electrical signals between the upper and lower chambers of the heart are delayed or completely blocked, causing the ventricles to beat slower than the atria. Bundle branch blocks affect the conduction of electrical impulses down the pathways that lead to the ventricles, causing them to contract out of sync.

Symptoms of herzleitungsstörungen can range from mild to severe and may include palpitations, dizziness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, and chest pain. In some cases, individuals may experience no noticeable symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the heart's electrical activity. Holter monitors or event recorders may be used for longer-term monitoring.

Treatment depends on the specific type and severity of the herzleitungsstörung and can include medications to regulate heart rate and rhythm, lifestyle modifications, or the implantation of a pacemaker in cases of significant heart block.