Herstellungstoleranzen

Herstellungstoleranzen, often simply called tolerances, are permissible variations in the dimensions of a manufactured part. No manufacturing process is perfectly precise, and slight deviations from the intended or nominal size are inevitable. Tolerances define the acceptable range within which a dimension must fall to ensure that the part will function correctly and assemble with other components.

Tolerances are typically specified on technical drawings, either as direct numerical limits, such as 10.00 +/- 0.05 mm, or using other methods like geometric tolerances. These specifications are crucial for quality control and interchangeability. If a part falls outside its specified tolerance, it is considered a defect and may need to be rejected or reworked.

The tightness of a tolerance depends on the function of the part and the assembly requirements. Parts that need to fit together precisely, like those in an engine or a high-precision instrument, will have very tight tolerances. Conversely, parts with less critical fitting requirements might have much looser tolerances.

Choosing appropriate tolerances involves a balance between desired function, manufacturing cost, and process capability. Tighter tolerances generally increase manufacturing costs due to the need for more precise machinery, skilled labor, and rigorous inspection. Therefore, tolerances should be as wide as functionally possible to minimize production expenses.