Heroikos

Heroikos is a Greek adjective (from ἡρώς hero, "hero") meaning "pertaining to a hero" or "heroic." In classical Greek usage, ἡρωικός describes actions, conduct, or styles associated with legendary figures and their exemplary deeds. The term is the linguistic basis for the concept of a "heroic" mode in literature, particularly in relation to epic and narrative verse that center on battle, courage, and honor. Its root emphasizes the cultural values surrounding kleos (glory) and arete (excellence).

In literary criticism, heroikos is often used to characterize the traditional epic style: elevated diction, formulaic repetition, and a focus on extraordinary feats performed by renowned individuals. Works such as Homer's epics are regarded as representative of the heroic mode, in which the hero's actions drive the plot and the public reputation of a community is at stake.

Today, the exact Greek term ἡρωικός is rarely used in contemporary English-language scholarship; instead, scholars refer to "heroic poetry" or "epic" to denote this tradition. The adjective "heroic" in English conveys a similar sense, including moral or exemplary qualities, but may also extend beyond the ancient Greek category. The term should not be confused with modern notions of heroics as courage in everyday acts.

See also: heroic poetry; epic poetry; kleos; arete.