Hernáðarvalds

Hernáðarvalds is an Icelandic term that translates to "occupation power" or "power of occupation." It refers to the authority and control exercised by an occupying force over a territory and its population. This concept is primarily relevant in the context of international law and military occupations. When a state occupies the territory of another state, the occupying power gains certain rights and responsibilities. These are generally governed by international conventions, most notably the Hague Regulations of 1907 and the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949.

The occupying power is responsible for maintaining public order and safety, as well as for ensuring the basic needs of the occupied population are met. This includes the provision of food, medical care, and essential services. However, the occupying power also has the authority to implement its own laws and administrative structures to the extent necessary for security and governance. It is prohibited from making fundamental changes to the legal system or the demographic composition of the occupied territory. The exercise of hernáðarvalds is intended to be temporary, ceasing when the occupation ends. The legitimacy and extent of an occupying power's authority are often subjects of significant international debate and legal scrutiny.