Hepatotóxica

Hepatotóxica refers to substances that are damaging to the liver. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions, including detoxification, metabolism, and synthesis of essential proteins. When exposed to hepatotoxic agents, the liver's cells, known as hepatocytes, can be injured, leading to impaired function. This damage can manifest in various ways, ranging from mild, reversible changes to severe and life-threatening conditions like liver failure.

Causes of hepatotoxicity are diverse and can include certain medications, such as acetaminophen in overdose, some antibiotics, and statins. Environmental toxins, including industrial chemicals and pesticides, can also be hepatotoxic. Furthermore, certain natural substances found in herbs and mushrooms have been identified as potentially harmful to the liver. Alcohol consumption, especially chronic and excessive, is a well-known cause of liver damage and is considered hepatotoxic. Viral infections, such as hepatitis A, B, and C, also directly target and damage liver cells.

Symptoms of hepatotoxicity can vary depending on the cause and severity of the liver injury. They may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. In more severe cases, confusion, swelling of the abdomen and legs, and easy bruising can occur. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to assess liver enzymes, bilirubin levels, and clotting factors, along with imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment strategies focus on removing the offending agent, supporting liver function, and managing complications. Prevention involves avoiding known hepatotoxic substances and practicing moderation with alcohol intake.