Hengitysaltistus

Hengitysaltistus, also known as respiratory alkalosis, is a medical condition characterized by an elevated pH level in the blood due to excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) through hyperventilation. This imbalance leads to an increase in blood pH above the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. The condition can result from various causes, including anxiety, panic attacks, fever, pain, or certain neurological disorders.

The primary mechanism of hengitysaltistus involves rapid or deep breathing, which expels CO2 from the lungs at a faster rate than it is produced by cellular metabolism. The reduction in CO2 causes a rise in blood pH, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and tingling sensations in the extremities or around the mouth.

Diagnosis involves blood gas analysis, revealing elevated blood pH and decreased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). The condition is typically benign but may indicate underlying issues such as anxiety or metabolic disturbances that require management.

Treatment approaches focus on addressing the underlying cause of hyperventilation and restoring normal CO2 levels. Techniques include breathing into a paper bag, controlled breathing exercises, or medication in certain cases. If anxiety or panic is involved, psychological interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy might be recommended.

While hengitysaltistus is generally reversible and not life-threatening on its own, recognizing and managing the condition promptly is essential to prevent complications and alleviate symptoms.