Hemocytometry

Hemocytometry is a laboratory technique used for counting and analyzing blood and other suspended cellular components. It serves as a fundamental tool in hematology for diagnosing and monitoring various blood disorders, including anemia, leukemia, and infections. The method involves using a specialized instrument called a hemocytometer, a precision glass slide with a grid etched onto its surface, to manually or automatically count cells within a defined volume of fluid.

There are two primary types of hemocytometers: the manual hemocytometer, such as the Neubauer chamber, and automated cell counters. In manual procedures, a diluted blood sample is loaded onto the hemocytometer, and cells are counted under a microscope using a specific grid area. This count is then used to calculate cell concentration per unit volume. Automated counters employ electronic sensors and imaging technologies to provide rapid and highly accurate cell counts, including differential counts for various cell types.

Hemocytometry is essential for assessing complete blood counts (CBC), determining cell viability, and evaluating cellular morphology. It is also employed in research settings for studying cell cultures, blood component separation, and other biological investigations. Proper technique, sample preparation, and calibration are critical to ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Despite advances in automated methods, manual hemocytometry remains valuable in resource-limited settings and for specific applications requiring detailed morphological examination. Overall, hemocytometry remains a cornerstone in hematological diagnostics and cellular analysis, offering vital insights into health and disease states.