Helmand

Helmand is a province in southern Afghanistan. Its capital is Lashkargah. The province is named after the Helmand River, which runs through the region and provides irrigation for its agricultural land.

Geography and climate: Helmand lies in the arid to semi-arid south of the country. The landscape includes river valleys and dry plains; hot summers and relatively mild winters; irrigation networks support farming in the valleys along the Helmand River.

Economy and agriculture: Agriculture is the main economic activity, supported by irrigation. Common crops include wheat, maize, cotton, melons, and fruits. The province has long been associated with opium poppy cultivation, which has affected security and development in the region.

Demographics and society: The population is predominantly Pashtun, with Baloch and other minority communities also present. Languages spoken include Pashto and Dari. The majority are Sunni Muslims.

History and security: Helmand has experienced decades of conflict, including the Soviet invasion era, civil strife, and Taliban-led insurgency. After 2001, it hosted international military operations for several years. Since 2021 the province has been under Taliban administration; the security situation and access to services remain challenging for residents.

Administrative divisions: The province comprises multiple districts, with Lashkargah as the capital city. Local governance centers around district councils and the provincial administration.