HeliumCadmium
Helium-Cadmium lasers, often abbreviated as HeCd lasers, are gas lasers that produce coherent light in the blue and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. They operate by exciting a mixture of helium and cadmium vapor. The primary laser transitions occur in the cadmium ions, with helium acting as a transfer medium to excite the cadmium atoms. The most common HeCd laser lines are at 441.6 nanometers (blue) and 325.0 nanometers (ultraviolet).
These lasers are known for their relatively high power output in these specific wavelengths, especially compared
Helium-Cadmium lasers have found applications in various scientific and industrial fields. Their blue output at 441.6