Hauptverluste

Hauptverluste (main losses) is a term used in German engineering to denote the dominant portion of energy losses in a device or system. It refers to the losses that have the largest impact on efficiency, as opposed to smaller, incidental, or parasitic losses. The exact composition of Hauptverluste depends on the application and is often determined through loss decomposition to support targeted optimization.

In electrical machines such as transformers and electric motors, Hauptverluste typically comprise the largest loss components. Common categories are core losses in the magnetic circuit (hysteresis and eddy-current losses) and copper losses in windings. The relative significance of these components varies with load, material, and design. Depending on the context, other substantial loss sources—such as mechanical or stray losses—can also be included in the Hauptverluste when they are particularly large.

In thermal, fluid, or mechanical systems, Hauptverluste refer to the main energy drains that limit performance. Examples include heat losses through insulation, exhaust heat, and pump or fan work that overcomes friction and flow resistance. In machinery, major losses may stem from friction, bearing losses, and aerodynamic drag.

Identifying Hauptverluste involves measuring or calculating total losses and separating them into principal categories. This supports efficiency analysis and design improvements. The term is common in German technical literature but is not a universally standardized term; its precise meaning is context-dependent.